The English Reformation Essays -- History England Roman Catholic Essay

The English Reformation During the reign of King Richard II "England was experiencing her first serious outbreak of heresy for nearly a millennium." This widespread heresy, known as Lollardy, held the reformation of the Catholic Church as its main motivation, and was based upon the ideas of John Wyclif, an Oxford scholar. "All kinds of men, not only in London but in widely-separated regions of the country, seized the opportunity to voice criticisms both constructive and destructive of the present state of the Church." While commoners protested and pressed for reform, going so far as to present their manifesto, the "Twelve Conclusions," to Parliament, members of the royal household were protecting John Wyclif and his ideas, John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III, and Joan of Kent, the widowed Princess of Wales, "by whose influence he was protected from ultimate disgrace (such as excommunication)," were Wyclif's supporters and protectors. Like Wyclif's Lollard heresy, the English Protestant Reformation, over one hundred years later, would draw support from both the common people and the royal establishment. Among the many causes of the Reformation, one stands out as the most important because it alone brought about a specifically English reformation. The religious drive of the common people to create a more open system of worship was a grassroots movement of reform, similar to the reformations taking place across Europe. The political ambitions of those at the highest levels of government to consolidate power in the person of the monarch, however, is what made a reformation of the Church in England into a specifically English Reformation. John Wyclif and the people who followed him reflected how royal authority could be b... ... act for the dissolution of monasteries, 1539" Given-Wilson, Chris. "Late Medieval England, 1215-1485." In The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval England, edited by Nigel Saul. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII vol. II, sec. i, pg. 259, no. 967. London, 1920. Quoted in John A. F. Thomson, The Early Tudor Church and Society, 1485-1529, (London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1993), pg. 37. Russell, Conrad. "The Reformation and the Creation of the Church of England, 1500- 1640." In The Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor & Stuart Britain, edited by John Morrill. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Sheils, W. J. The English Reformation. Harlow: Longman Group UK Limited, 1989. Thomson, John A. F. The Early Tudor Church and Society, 1485-1529. London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1993.

Seafood and Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Seafood and Depression There have been studies that conclude that there is some relationship between food intake and mental health. The stress you endure, and how you deal with it differs in many ways. There is evidence that the more seafood college students eat the lower level of depression they experience. Researchers have two different inventories for depression. The Beck Depression Inventory is a leading depression inventory, and the new inventory is the Wilsonson's Depression Scale (Wilsonson, Gofendorfer, & Brazleton, 2002). The results of both tests were identical. The Wilsonson Depression Scale proved to be more simple to administer and faster to complete and score (Wilsonson et al., 2002). This study, as well as others (Arbor, Dolfin, & Pecanhead, 2003; Black, Marsh, Roberts, Kickerback, Duey, Freeberslager, Williamsonson, & Friday, 2004; Smith & Hold, 2004; Thompson, 2004; Wilsonson, Gofendorfer, & Brazleton, 2002) have shown that when seafood intake is high your depression level is lower. One study examined the relationship between eating different foods to include seafood and depression (Arbor, Dolfin, & Pecanhead, 2003). In this particular study, the groups took the Wilsonson's Depression Scale before and after the participants divided into three groups and put on one of three very strict diets. Results of the study showed a significant difference in the levels of depression after being on the diet. A different study, (Black, Marsh, Roberts, Kickerback, Duey, Freeberslager, Williamsonson, & Friday, 2004) examined elderly people and gave them tests on personality, depression, and kept a journal of food intake for over three weeks. The Black (2004) study broke into two groups. One group said that they ate seafood at least six times a week and the other group only three or fewer a week. The Smith and Hold (2004) study was made up of 1000 elderly people living in the South. All the participants took personality tests and depression scales and kept food journals for six weeks. After the six-week study, the researchers cross-referenced the journals, personality tests, and depression scales. The Thompson study (2004) is a little different from the others. In this particular study, a group of teenage couples in the Central United States was given Beck's Depression Inventory in 1985, 1992, and again in 2004. After the test... ...ps, B., & Brenham, S. (2002). How does that make you feel: Monkies react to psychotherapeutic questioning [Electronic version]. Journal of Mental Health, 7(6), 147-157. Smith, B., Blowhard, J., Hardinson, B.P., Sherman, B., Ebert, R., Knight, P., et al. (2004). Feeling blue: The impact of color wheels on adult children of monkeys. Journal of Mental Health, 2(4), 115-153. Smith, B. P., & Hold, A. (2003). I like fish, do you? New York: USA Psychological   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Associates, Inc. Smith, B. P., & Hold, A. (2004). Psychophysiological effects of eating seafood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 240-257. Smith, Bill P., & Hold, A. (2005). Who likes fish? Characteristics of people who love and hate seafood [Electronic version]. Journal of American Psychology, 3(2), 34-37. Thompson, C. (2004). Consumption of seafood associated with lower levels of depression: Longitudinal study involving fishmongers and fishwives [Electronic version]. Journal of American Psychology, 5, 123-134. Wilsonson, B., Gofendorfer, C.B., & Brazelton, W.F., III. (2002). Development and implementation of the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale. Psychology Bulletin, 122, 117- 137.

Julia Child

Julia Child interview Me: How did you get involved in World war II? Julia Child: In 1941, at the onset of World War II, I moved to Washington, D. C. , where I volunteered as a research assistant for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), a newly formed government intelligence agency. In this position, I played a key role in the communication of top-secret documents between U. S. government officials and their intelligence officers. My colleagues and I were sent on assignments around the world, holding posts in Washington, D. C. , Kumming, China; and Colombo, Sri Lanka. In 1945, while in Sri Lanka, This is where I began a relationship with fellow OSS employee Paul Child. Me: How come after World War II, did you and your husband Paul move to Paris, France? Me: Why did you and your husband move to Paris, France after the war? Child: Well after the war Paul was reassigned to the U. S. Information Service at the American Embassy in Paris. We both looked at is as an opportunity to begin a new life, meet new people, and discover our passions. When we moved here the very first day Paul took me to a restaurant where I had my first French cuisine. If it wasn't for us moving here I would have never had a penchant for French cuisine and attended the world-famous Cordon Bleu cooking school . Me: How successful were your cook books in your culinary career? Child: The original publisher rejected the manuscript, however, due to its 734-page length. Another publisher eventually accepted the 3-lb. cookbook, releasing it in September 1961 under the title Mastering the Art of French Cooking. The book was considered groundbreaking, and remained the bestselling cookbook for five straight years after its publication. It has since become a standard guide for the culinary community. Me: How did your television career begin? Child: One day I promoted my book on the Boston public television station near my Cambridge, Massachusetts, home. I went on the air demonstrated my trademark forthright manner and hearty humor, by preparing an omelet on air. The public's response was enthusiastic, generating 27 letters and countless phone calls—†a remarkable response,† a station executive remembered, â€Å"given that station management occasionally wondered if 27 viewers were tuned in. Me: Why were you sometimes harshly criticized on your show? Child: Occasionally I would fail to wash my hands, as well as what they believed to be poor kitchen demeanor. â€Å"You are quite a revolting chef, the way you snap bones and play with raw meats,† one letter read. I can't stand those over-sanitary people! Others were concerned about the high levels of fat in French cooking. My advice was to eat in moderation. I would rather eat one tablespoon of chocolate russe cake than three bowls of Jell-O.

Modern Myths

Modern myths still pervade North American societies. Many of these modern myths were the products of Indian folklore or pre-modern American society. Although many claimed that such myths were a form of religious fanaticism or fervor, it can be argued that they were the result of historical speculation of early North American societies of their immediate environment. These modern myths are nonetheless powerful and to some extent influenced the behavior of many noted American personalities. Here is an example of a modern North American myth.Urban Legend: Bloody Mary (Schlosser, 2006)There was a young woman who sleeps deep in the forest. Her livelihood was selling herbal medicines in a nearby village. The townspeople though regarded her as a witch; hence no one dared to approach her, even the hardest criminal in the area. Many believed that whoever talk or approach her would be cursed or sold to the devil. She was feared indeed. Then, little girls in the town began to disappear. No trac es of the girls were found. Families of the disappeared girls began to search; in the farms, barnyards, and even the forest. Some of the men went to the house of Bloody Mary, but altogether she denied all allegations.The men noted that Bloody Mary looked younger and more attractive. They became suspicious of Bloody Mary, although no proof cold be found. Then one night, the daughter of the miller rose from her sleep and began to walk outside as if following an incantation. The wife of the miller saw the incident and reported it immediately to her husband. The two restrained the girl indiscriminately in order to prevent her from breaking away. Many people were awakened by the cries of the couple. Then, a farmer shouted that the cause of the incident is coming from the woods.Then, some people saw Bloody Mary holding a magic wand pointed to the house of the miller. When Bloody Mary saw the angry townspeople, she fled to the woods. A keen shooter farmer loaded his gun with silver bullets and shot the witch in the hip. Bloody Mary was carried by the townspeople to the field, where a large bonfire was awaiting her death. As Bloody Mary burned, she screamed a curse. If anyone mentioned her name before a darkened mirror, she would send her spirit to revenge upon them for her death. Unmarked graves of the little girls were found by the townspeople. They learned that Bloody Mary used to drink the blood of her victims to make her young again. It was passed on from generations to generations that whoever chants Bloody Mary three times on a darkened mirror, this would summon the vengeful spirit and rips the body and soul of the person.Social Significance of the Myth (Bloody Mary)The social significance of the myth discussed above can be seen in the various movies and accreditation the myth received from the movie industry. The myth is a powerful tool of revenue creation as with this specific industry. In the past 30 years, there were about 500 versions of this myth, all foc using on the â€Å"horror† part of the film, that is, the darkened mirror and the chanting of the words â€Å"Bloody Mary.† It is of no doubt that because Bloody Mary films became successful ventures, it is right to assume that its basis, the original myth, still exerts considerable influence on the part of the audience.According to the Encyclopedia of Folklore and Literature, urban legends and myths are usually defined as â€Å"apocryphal contemporary stories, told as true and usually attributed to as friend of a friend.† In most instances, the myth of Bloody Mary is perceived to be true by virtue of the fact that the story is assumed to be true by the storyteller. Although the story is non-existential or in short not real, the audience may find it true because of the way the â€Å"channel.† Because the channel presents the story as â€Å"true†, the receiver nonetheless assumes it to be also true.The channel here maybe defined as â€Å"the means of acquiring the information about the particular myth or urban legend (as in this case).† Movies and bonfire storytelling are the most efficient and effective means of transmitting the myth from one person to the other, without losing the track of credibility. It is no wonder that most Bloody Mary films are inconclusive, that is, they left the audience wondering whether the myth was true or not (to make a room for affirmation of the myth). Now it is safe to assume that even in North American societies, particularly in the United States, the myth of Bloody Mary pervades in some aspects of life.Children, particularly girls, are told of the story of Bloody Mary by their parents as a means for exacting obedience (negative reinforcement). For those in their teenage years, the story of Bloody Mary serves as a background check for their behavior.   They prevent themselves from going to forests without the guide of adult individuals. They also stay away from dark places with mirror s for fear that the myth may prove to be true. Although for them, the story of Bloody Mary is factual since there were individuals who reported that they saw Bloody Mary ripping the body of their friends.Going back to the definition of a myth or urban legend, the storyteller assumes that his/her story is true in order for the audience to feel its negative effect (affirmation of the story). There were reported cases when robbers were scared to their â€Å"pants† when they entered a house (without electricity) with a darkened mirror in the entertainment room. There were also reported cases when a man brushing her teeth in a nightclub and jokingly uttered Bloody Mary three times.A face appeared before him. He ran outside the club shouting that Bloody Mary did exist. He promised that he would never visit the nightclub. The woman who appeared to him was a prostitute, not Bloody Mary. This proves that even though the myth is not real, people usually perceives it as real. The primar y cause of such behavior is the channel that make the story real or â€Å"seem real.† The myth is as powerful as before. Although it can be assumed that its effects on the values of an individual may be accidental and in many cases derived from the characters of Bloody Mary films.ReferencesSchlosser, S.E. 2006. Bloody Mary. URL http://americanfolklore.net/folklore/2009/10/bloody_mary.html. Retrieved September 19, 2007.1800 Myths, Legends, and Folklore Links. URL http://www.mysteries-megasite.com/. Retrieved September 19, 2007.

Outline the principal sources of authority available to US presidents Essay

The president is naturally the focus of US politics. Media coverage will of course always focus on the President. The position is undoubtedly the most significant in world politics and the president of the United States is commonly recognised as the most powerful person in the world. In addition to this, executive organisation is organised in a pyramidal fashion towards the oval office and within the executive the President is a dominant figure. However, form this brief explanation of the Presidency the true complications that it is marked by are unclear. The president is in a position where negotiation and compromise are necessities. A president that makes government work is one that has a program and uses his resources to get it enacted. A good president is an activist: he sets the agenda, is attentive to the progress being made, and willingly accepts responsibility for what happens. However, the President must also accept that others have resources and responsibility and incorporate this into his actions and decisions. The United States has a separated, not a presidential system and no one least of all presidents can be entrusted with excessive authority. The true nature of the Presidency; and the powers endowed to the occupant of the White House; is actually a lot more complicated than it appears on the surface. It may seem that the directly elected president who holds such a strong position and image in world politics is ensured a smooth passage to achieving the policies they want to. However, whilst a lot of the resources of power expected to be possessed by someone of such a high global standing are enjoyed by the American President, there are constraints to which a successful election guarantees political dominance. Presidents learn many refrains on the job, if they don’t know already. Bill Clinton learned the difficulties of split party control by having to battle Republican majorities in congress. George W Bush had witnessed firsthand his father’s problems of governing with a Democratic congress. He also learnt about the limitations of executive power on the job as governor of Texas. There is never a guarantee that election by a wide margin ensures a powerful president throughout his term in office. Likewise, having high public approval ratings doesn’t necessarily ensure a free rein for the President. Johnson remarked how winning power doesn’t guarantee a President with executive power. He has to establish what is the ‘right to govern’ by inspiring confidence on the people and fulfilling the leadership roles expected. Every president has to develop a moral underpinning to his power and assert a style and authority on the President, or he soon discovers that he has no power at all. Obviously, public and media focus is always on the President and as a result, expectations of a President often far exceed the individual’s personal, political, institutional or constitutional capacities. Focusing too much on the Presidency can lead to a seriously distorted picture of how national government works. The resources and authority of the president, although large, are not as clear cut as it initially seems. To begin with, a President’s relationship with congress is obviously crucial to him exercising a strong level of power. However, the president’s political status and strategic positioning does not end with the state of congress. The public interpretation of strength associated with the election results, the exact number of seats possessed by the President’s party in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, midterm election results, the nature of public and media opinion and the contentiousness of the issues all affect the strategic behaviour of the President. The importance of change and the dynamic nature of American politics cannot be overlooked. Even a President who commands government on the back of a convincing election and high public ratings have been unable to protect their apparent legitimacy against changing conditions. For example, President Nixon demonstrated that even though he had been mandated, misuse of his position and resources caused his downfall. Public trust is a huge resource of presidential authority and something that cannot afford to be jeopardised. I believe the authority of the president can be broken down into two sections. He has the strategic capacity to set the nation’s political agenda, predominantly by using the powers endowed to him by the constitution. He also has the tactical capacity to negotiate and bargain with other political actors in order to win over both congress and public opinion, two crucial groups to keep satisfied in order to properly implement his policy agenda. There is then a subset of factors that influence the extent to which the president can carry out the above activities. These influences make up the president’s resources of power and how they are used will determine how powerful and dominant he can become. There is no doubt that the largest resource of authority available to the president is the constitution. It is certainly the most important area to consider when analysing the authority of the president. Article 2 of the constitution demonstrates why the position of the American president is so huge. The explicit grants and limitations of power awarded to the president in this article of the constitution are the basis on which the contemporary American president is built. Executive power of the federal government is vested in the president. He has the power to appoint ambassadors, members of the cabinet, Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of lower federal courts, with the advice and consent of the senate. He can propose legislative measures and veto bills emerging from congress. In terms of the armed forces and foreign policy, the president in America is similar to that in France in the sense that he regards this as his reserved domain. The above clauses therefore make up the basis of the president’s power. However, it is clear from this that whilst it obviously makes the president the primary actor in the American political system, there is room for manoeuvre and this alone cannot give us all the information we need in learning about the president’s resources of authority. The fact that there is a lot of gaps to be filled in article 2 of the constitution mean that the position of power in the American political system is of a dynamic nature. A lot of the presidents other resources of power outside of the prerogative powers endowed by the constitution are circumstantial and possess the potential to change at any moment. Presidents will claim that there are some powers endowed to them that are inherent in the constitution that are not explicitly stated. These are interpreted by different presidents in different ways. This seems to be interpreted from the statutory delegation of power by congress to the presidency. The best example of this is Lincoln declaring martial law during the civil war under emergency powers. The constitution’s generality and ambiguity requires gaps to be filled so various presidents can appeal to this ambiguity in asserting that they possess unwritten constitutional provisions. However, this process of filling gaps is untidy, intellectually inconsistent and highly contentious. Not confined to the judicial branch of government, it incorporates the executive, congress, interest groups and public opinion. Therefore, presidents have to develop other resources of authority available to them in order for them to be able to abuse the apparent unwritten elements of the constitution. Whilst the principle of inherent powers of the president possessed in the constitution is now accepted by the majority, then extent to which they exist remains a matter of dispute. The media is a huge resource for the president. The media have over the course of the 20th century changed the nature of the presidency through the introduction of both radio and television. The media has been enhanced as a significant source of strategic leadership in an otherwise fragmented political system. Media attention naturally focuses on the White House and that doesn’t show any sign of changing. The Oval Office is where the prestige of American politics lies. Therefore, the president is showcased through a proportion of the media as the only significant part of the political system. This in general acts to strengthen the president’s political authority and journalists are generally treated well by the president in order to guarantee this strengthening. However, inherent in this action is an acceptance that the media always have been and are now more than ever a threat to presidents. The legitimacy received by the president through being directly elected and no one in the American system being mandated in the same way is a great resource for the president. The elected part of the executive branch of American system is singular, not collective, and the president is in consequence, a prominent national figure: his constituency is his nation and he therefore enjoys a singular electoral legitimacy. Both Congress and the Supreme Court are institutions with multiple memberships whereas the presidency is a strictly one member group. Having no rival in this sense helps the president appeal directly to the heart of the American people and makes them the foremost person in American politics. This is essentially the American president’s greatest political asset. Political skill is certainly an important factor in the success that presidents have in asserting leadership. Lyndon B Johnson was able to exert more authority than he was constitutionally defined to do so because he had particularly good persuasive skills. Additionally, Ronald Reagan possessed strong strategic skills that enabled him to manipulate his position effectively. President’s can exercise neither strategic nor persuasive leadership by relying upon their limited resources of authority; much depends upon the skill with which a president is able to bring political influence and persuasion to bear. However, the most important controlling factor of the president’s level of authority is his relationship with other key political actors. He can maintain high standing with the public if his cabinet is appointed sensibly and he has a healthy working relationship with congress. Therefore, other political actors are an important resource of the president’s authority. By making clever decisions about who to be in his cabinet, a president can accomplish a number of goals. He can reward significant supporters, as Bush did with his appointment of James Baker as secretary of state. In addition to this, he can build support amongst other factions of the country by keeping his cabinet diverse. This tactic can especially be used to strengthen links with racial groups and women. All recent presidents have appointed at least one black person and one woman to their cabinet. Finally, cabinet is essential to maintaining a good relationship with congress, the key obstacle at times to presidential authority. It is necessary for a president to be successful that he exercises strategic and tactical leadership of congress. Presidents such as Jimmy Carter who do not reliably achieve legislative leadership are generally regarded as having failed. It tends to be crucial for a president to be authoritative with congress to fully accomplish his goals and take full advantage of the resources available to him. Taking on the role of chief legislator is an important aspect of a president’s authority. Maintaining a good relationship with congress tends to bring together all the important resources available to the president and if carried out effectively culminate becoming the chief legislator and that is effectively when the president is at his most powerful. A president’s political skill and ability to handle other key political actors is exemplified in his relationship with congress. Furthermore, maintaining a higher standard with the public enables him to be more dominant in regard to congress. This is the area where the US executive differs mainly from that of parliamentary systems. The following problem is encountered by the French president as well as the American. Managing congress can be difficult, especially when the majority party is different to that of the president. Congress loses its degree of significance as a political resource when the party of the president do not enjoy a majority and it becomes a lot more difficult for the president to act as the chief legislator. The president in America does not have the backing of a party whose main responsibility is to sustain government. This is significantly different to parliamentary systems where the primary function of parliament is to maintain government. Therefore, parliament in the UK takes on a less significant role in analysing the dynamic nature of institutional power as it tends to stay relatively constant through a term than Congress in the US. This is made even more complicated by midterm elections. However, what is similar in the management of the two executives is how crucial political skill and management of relations is. Neither a President nor a Prime Minister is able to overlook relations with key political actors around him. In conclusion, the principal sources of presidential authority are like most issues in world politics. They are dynamic and dependent on the nature of the president and the circumstances he finds himself in, he can add to the obvious constitutionally defined roles as president through smooth management of colleagues, congress and public opinion. Whilst the constitution remains the most significant resource, there is a lot of scope for extra authority through effective management of the situation the president is in. This is true of all political systems, whilst there is usually a constitutionally defined role for executive leadership, political skill will determine the extent to which this leadership is implemented.

Benefit of watching television Essay

Many people think television has mostly a negative impact on their lives because television displays a lot of violence, gossip, and erotic things. They think watching TV will waste their time, disorder their thinking, and give bad demonstrations to their child. Actually, most people hold the wrong views about watching TV; it is beneficial to watch TV. Here are the reasons why. First of all, there is the information that I can absorb from television. Daily news, for example, has a lot of information that I never know about and reports a lot of incidents which happen around the world such as America sends army and air force to Iraq and catches its president, by the way, we can learn not only information but also about different societies, cultures, and customs I can not learn from news such as some strange traditions of a small city that I have never heard in China or another small country in the corner of the earth. Although I spend my time on television but I get something more valuable and helpful than what I consume. Secondly, there is the excitement that I can get from television when I am bored. There are many exciting movies on HBO, for instance, â€Å"Terminator I, II, and III† are very good movies to cheer me up. Many parents think that kind of exciting movies are too violent for their children to watch because they blame the movies for their children’s behavior rather than tell their children what is right and what is wrong; furthermore, parents and adults can watch â€Å"RoboCop† by themselves and they can enjoy the movie without worrying about their children learning bad things or violent behaviors from it. Last but not least, there is the stimulation that I can bring to my brain from the television such as the show – Super Millionaire. This program is very popular not only in America but also in my country – Taiwan because people can join the game in their homes with the participants at the television station, and this can stimulate my brain by thinking about and answering the questions even I can’t really get the bonus if I got the correct answer. Moreover, I can call in the show to win the prize if there is no winner today; this kind of television program suits both children and  adults; there is no bad influence or side effects. To sum up, it is in terms of absorbing information, getting excitement, and stimulating my brain so that television has no negative but only positive impacts on my life. If I want to learn or know something by another way instead of television, I truly believe that I will spend more time and more money to reach my goal.

Admiration of Anne Bradstreets Essay

Admiration of Anne Broadsheets Essay Admiration of Anne Broadsheets values as compared to those of Ben Franklin and Jonathan Edwards The relationships that people have with others has a severe Impact on that persons life, albeit many are good, some, though, are bad. How we choose to form, maintain and use these relationships is up to us, Just as what they mean is up touts too. I will show the relationships of some writers and how they treat others, as an important value to me. Three writers of our era, Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and Anne Broadsheet are most notable with their relationships with people.My thoughts on Benjamin Franklins work were unfortunately on the negative side. To sum his writings up, they were long, boring and not concise. His writing varied heavily. He was known for writing on one topic and then changing to another then skipping to yet another. The following paragraph is an excerpt of his writings to show the long, varied writings that changed from subject to subject: l have been the more particular in this Description of my Journey, and shall be so of my first Entry into that City, that you may in your mind compare such an unlikely Beginning with the Figure I have since made there. s In my working Dress, my best Clothes being to come round by sea. I was dirty from my Journey; my pockets were stuffs out with shirts and stockings; I knew no Soul, nor where to look for lodging. I was fatiguing Traveling, Rowing and Want of Rest. I was very hungry, and my whole stock of consolidated of a Dutch Dollar and and about a Shilling in Copper.The latter I gave the People of the Boat for my Passage, who at first refused it on Account of my Rowing; but I Insisted on their taking it, a Man being sometimes more generous when he has but a little Money than when he has plenty, perhaps hero the Fear of Being thought to have but a little. Then I walked up the Street gazing about, till near the Market House I met a boy with bread] (p. 241) Because of the skipping around, to often unrelated topics, it is very difficult to pay attention, read and keep straight as to what is Franklins point.One could almost call the style of writing a form of rambling. From Franklins work one is able to deduce that he is a good man with good Intention and is a upbeat and optimistic person but he doesnt really care for people and treats them Like object and tools. He basically uses people to get ahead and uses people for favors. For example he loves his brother, supposedly, but he used his brother to pay for his boarding so he could be out of the way and not cause problems for all the other is nth household. He does does have his faults with people, and that is he trusts people too much.He has too much faith in people and whether that is because of his deist ways, and how he looks at things in the world,and through reason. His trust In people and things often leads him Into small troubles. His drunken friend Collins borrowed much money from Franklin promising to pay it back. Of course, it was never paid back. If one recalls how Franklin got to America it was because of using the abilities and powers of see of his friends. Another point of the real problems that Franklin had with people and relationships is the entire relationship that he had with Miss Read.The only thing that he wanted from the marriage was some money from the parents. Franklin was give it to him he first suggested to mortgage the house, and when he knew that that wouldnt be done he basically left them and Miss Read. Jonathan Edwards looks on life as a chance to serve God. He serves God by working hard and not doing things that would be considered bad by a Puritan (IEEE. UN, drinking, dancing, and parties. ) He believes Just like other Puritans that life should be dedicated strictly to God.The main idea to understand from Puritans is that when they believe that they are beginning to understand the Bible, they are beginning to understand the Word of God. Understanding the word of God means to Puritans that God is dwelling within them, which then, in turn, means that they are one of the chosen few who are saved. In order to ensure that he is one of the few to be saved Edwards must demean others so that they get the idea that they arent saved and only Edwards is saved. The only thing that Edwards values early in his life is salvation. He must have salvation. He believes he has been saved too and he goes on to point this out: From the about that time I began to have a new kind of apprehensions and Ideas of Christ, and the works of redemption, and the glorious way of salvation Him. I had an inward, sweet sense of these things, that at timescale into my heart; and my souls led away in pleasant views and contemplations of them. And my mind was greatly engages to spend my time in reading and meditating in Christ, and the beauty and Excellency of his peers, and the lovely way of salvation, by free grace in Him. (p. 78) The writings in the bible he can now understand. The way he looks at nature and how his whole way of thinking has been changed proves in his mind and would in any other Puritans mind that the Lord is with him. When a Puritan sees that any of these things have happened he may begin to believe that he is saved. When Edwards looked around after knowing about his salvation all he he was able to see Edwards midlife was a transitional period. There in the was a corrupt sinners. Transitional period he learned about life and the dwelling of God in nature, in all things.He took notice to nature which eventually led, though prayer and meditation, to the newer Edwards who attempted to help people. His attitude toward them still remained basically the same but as one of the chosen he tried to save more people and to spread the word of God. The attempts to save people are most notably seen through the sermons that he gives, his most famous being the one entitled Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Edwards later in his life changed a bit and he thought that he understood God and his will.What really changed is that he seemed to care, maybe even if it was Just a little, about his fellow man. Although he still went out and preached to people, gave his sermons and basically told people that they were worth very little and didnt really care about them, he was out there in the public trying to save them and to tell them that even though God can and should let us burn in hell he doesnt let us all go to hell, he does pick out a few who have been exceptionally well. Those few whom He has chosen are saved.The Edwards whole point in the sermons is to scare other people people and get them to mend their ways in some possible feeble attempt to achieve salvation. Anne Broadsheet while to perfect in her own right is the probably the most alike me. She values most the relationships in her life, but she has trouble with her relationships because of the writes: Thou speakeasys fair, but hats me sore, Thy flattering shows Ill trust MO more, How oft thy slave, hast thou me made, When I believed what thou hast said, And never had more cause of woe, Than when I did what thou bats do,(p. 28 ) It refers to the difficulties between the flesh and the spirit of her body. It said that the flesh had spoken highly of the spirit but her actions spoke much louder, and it was quite the opposite. Broadsheet values her relationships more but is confused because of her devotion to God. Her God who had given her everything can at any time take it away, and Broadsheet realizes this but cant help but be saddened. She looses a house and she can handle it because as she so eloquently put it Yet by His gift is made thin own; Theres wealth enough I need no more, Farewell, my pelf, farewell my store. (p. 33) She knows that all the things that she really needs are in heaven and that cant be taken away from her. The world no longer let me love, My hope and treasure lies above. (p. 134) Somewhat of a problem with Broadsheet is ere attachment with some of her acquaintances. She is really attached to her granddaughter for example. Breadbaskets relationships mean very much to her, and in the poem about the death of her granddaughter, Broadsheet shows her weakness with people and relationships Blest babe, why should I once bewail thy fate, or sigh thy days so soon were terminate, Sits thou art settled in an everlasting state. (p. 132). Yet regardless of what society thinks of Broadsheet or the relationships she still cherishes them with all her heart. I feel that Anne Broadsheet is most like me because I am all for the relationships in life. The relationships that I make and have are what make me. I dont treat people like objects and use them to get ahead in life. Nor do I Just hate people and think that everyone else is a corrupt individual out to make themselves look good in from of God.I am confused with my spiritual self Just like she is. And Just like broadsheet with the loss of her grandchild she was terribly sad, so am I with the move to college and my slowing communication with my old best group of friends. The relationships that people have with others has a severe impact on that persons life, albeit many are good, some, though, are bad. How we choose to form, maintain and use these relationships is up to us, Just as what they mean is up to us too. I will show the relationships of some writers and how they treat others, as an important value to me. Three writers of our era, Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and Anne Broadsheet are most notable with their relationships with people. My thoughts on Benjamin Franklins work were unfortunately Beginning with the Figure I have since made there. I was in my working Dress, my it on Account of my Rowing; but I insisted on their taking it, a Man being sometimes gazing about, till near the Market House I met a boy with bread (p. 41) Because of good man with good intention and is a upbeat and optimistic person but he doesnt really care for people and treats them like object and tools. He basically uses people in the world,and through reason. His trust in people and things often leads him into willing to use Miss read for getting money from her parents. When they refuse to social pressure. For example in hint of difficulties in relationships can be seen as she time take it away, and Broadsheet realizes this but cant help but be saddened.